The European powers addressed Spanish sovereignty in the Sulu archipelago and Spain’s renunciation, as against Britain, of claims over the Borneo territories described as belonging or formerly belonging to Sulu.
Why it matters
Article III places Sulu’s Borneo possessions expressly in the diplomatic record. The agreement was between European powers and must be read in that colonial context.
Sources & further reading
01
The Madrid Protocol
Sabah State Attorney-General’s Chambers